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First formulated in the late 19th century by Austrian physicist and mathematician Ludwig Boltzmann, this principle remains ...

Abstract: With its inherent causal reasoning and superior capacity for handling uncertainty, the belief rule base (BRB) has been widely applied in complex systems modeling. As a generalization of ...

Abstract: A verifiable random function (VRF) is a pseudorandom function that enables source verification. By providing a public verification key and accompanying proof with the output, all parties can ...